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Saturday, January 27, 2018

Exercises related to idioms

Hiya!
Here I am again willing to show you the quirks of English, only this time I'm a homework-bringer, so instead of writing a lengthy article about the fascinating English quirks, I've decided to prepare some exercises for you to revise some idioms. As you know, over the last weeks and months I wrote two entries on the contrast of idioms between Spanish and English I and II. Today, I'm just simply going to put your knowledge of these idioms to a test. Are you ready?

1. Name the idiom that pictures are representing

a) Image result for the early bird catches the worm  b)Image result for kill two birds with one stone

c)Related image d) Image result for it costs an arm and a leg

e) Image result for bring home the bacon f) Image result for the straw that broke the camel's back

g) Image result for hit the books h) Image result for a pain in the neck


2. Now match each idiom to 1-8 to their correct meaning A-H

1. To be a pain in the neck
2. To bring home the bacon
3. The straw that broke the camel's back
4. The early bird catches the worm
5. To hit the books
6. To shoot yourself in the foot
7. To kill two birds with a stone
8. It costs an arm and a leg

a) Something is outrageously expensive.
b) To study hard.
c) To earn money to support the family.
d) The sooner you get up, the better things happen to you.
e) To do something that unexpectedly harms you.
f) This idiom refers to someone very annoying.
g) To get two benefits with one single action.
h) The last situation that made me get really angry.

3. Fill in the gaps with the idioms in exercise 2. Conjugate the verbs if necessary.
a) Wow! 15 euros for a pencil. ______________________________.
b) I'm having four exams next week. It's time ___________________.
c) In my family, it is my mother that _____________________, not my father. 
d) I'm a morning person. I use mornings to do a lot of things. You know, ____________________.
e) I went to class at university and on my way back I bought some groceries. I _________________________.
f) Had I known that revealing that secret would get me into trouble, I wouldn't have done so. I ____________________.
g) In the end, he committed suicide. Losing his house to the bank was __________________________________.
h) Peter is overly annoying. He is always correcting me. He ____________________.

Answers :
Exercise 1
a) The early bird catches the worm.
b) To kill two birds with a stone.
c) To shoot yourself in the foot. 
d) It costs an arm and a leg.
e) To bring home the bacon.
f) The straw that broke the camel's back.
g) To hit the books.
h) To be a pain in the neck.

Exercise 2
1f; 2c; 3h; 4d; 5b; 6e; 7g; 8a

Exercise 3
a) It costs an arm and a leg.
b) to hit the books.
c) brings home the bacon
d) the early bird catches the worm.
e) killed two birds with a stone.
f) shot myself in the foot.
g) the straw that broke the camel's back.
h) is a pain in the neck.

Sunday, January 21, 2018

Contrast of idioms Spanish vs. English II

Hello folks!
Yes, another week went by! Last month I wrote a very interesting entry on the contrast of idioms between Spanish and English. As I found the contrast fascinating, I'll continue to write another entry on this subject to somehow highlight the differences between both languages and to show that translation is not the most effective method when learning English (or any other language). 

Idioms that are different in Spanish and English

1)            SPANISH                               ENGLISH
Image result for zamora no se GANÓ en una hora  Image result for rome wasnt built in a day
Zamora no se ganó en una     Rome wasn't built in a day.
hora (Zamora wasn't won
in an hour)

These idioms are used to indicate that  we must be patient and things take time to happen. We can't do things in a rush. In Spanish, the use the example of Zamora, which bravely withstood the siege against it. In English, the prefer the city of Rome and its reshaping. 

2)            SPANISH                    ENGLISH
Image result for tirar piedras contra tu propio tejado      Related image
Tirar piedras contra tu              To shoot yourself in the
propio tejado (throw stones      foot. 
at your own roof).

These expressions are used when you inadvertently do something that causes harm to you. In Spanish, you are throwing stones at your own roof, whereas in English you shoot yourself in the foot. Even though expressions are different, I'm pretty sure the metaphor is quite clear, isn't it?

3)            SPANISH                    ENGLISH
Image result for de tal palo tal astilla  Related image
De tal palo tal astilla                The apple never falls far from 
(from a given stick comes an     the tree / like father like son.
analogue wood chip)

These expressions are used to indicate family action resemblance, that is, the actions of a given parent are repeated by their offspring. To picture this, in Spanish they use the imagery of a stick and a small wood chip, while in English they say that the apple (the son or daughter), never falls far from the tree (the parent). They also use a straightforward simile : like father like son. 

4)            SPANISH                    ENGLISH
Image result for la suerte está echadaImage result for the die is cast  
The die is cast.




La suerte está echada.
(Luck is cast)

Has it ever happened to you that you are nervous for a decision that is about to be taken by someone and that can affect your life? If so, these are the expressions for you. In Spanish, the protagonist of this idiom is 'luck', while in English is a die that has just been cast. In case you don't know, 'die' as a noun is the singular of the word 'dice', something you normally need to play a board game. If you don't remember them, you can resort to your Latin and use the Latin expression instead : 'alea jactea est.'

5)            SPANISH                     ENGLISH
Image result for grano Image result for a pain in the neck
Ser un grano en el culo      To be a pain in the neck/ass
(to be a spot in the ass)

I presume there is someone in your life who gets on your nerves or who you find terribly annoying. In Spanish, this upsetting person is compared to a spot in your bottom, while in English is compared to pain in the neck (if you are polite) or in the ass (if politeness is not for you). 

6)            SPANISH                     ENGLISH
Image result for soy el que trae el pan a esta casa   Image result for bring home the bacon
Traer pan a casa                         Bring home the bacon 
(Bring the bread home)

These expressions refer to the fact of supporting the family, bringing home money and food. In Spanish, this is associated to an important element in the Spanish cuisine, no other than bread. Can you imagine your lives without it? However, in English, this striking element is bacon, he he. What a difference!

7)            SPANISH                     ENGLISH
Image result for ponerte rojo como un tomate Image result for as red as beetroot
Ponerse rojo como un              Be as red as beetroot
tomate (turn red as a tomato)

When you were teenagers, I'm pretty sure that you got embarrassed by your parents, or maybe by your first love. When you are that embarrassed you face gets red. In English, you get red as a tomato, but in English as a beetroot. 

8)            SPANISH                     ENGLISH

Related image   Image result for as cool as a cucumber
Fresco como una lechuga       As cool as a cucumber
(Cool as a lettuce)

When someone's character is relaxed and unworried, we say they are cool. However, vegetables change according to language. In Spanish, we associate it to the lettuce, while in English to a cucumber. Which one do you think is best?

9)            SPANISH                     ENGLISH

Image result for está chupado    Image result for a piece of cake
Está chupado (it's licked)         It's a piece of cake
                                             (easy peasy lemon squeezy)

When we refer to something super-easy, Spaniards, strange though it may seem, refer to it as something that has been licked before. Yuck! However, in English, they use a dessert to refer to it, in particular, a piece of cake. 

10)            SPANISH                     ENGLISH
Related image    Image result for amor y dinero
Ni por todo el oro del mundo         Not for love not for money
(not even for all the gold in the
world)

When something is impossible to get, we like to exaggerate. In Spanish, we say that you won't be able to get that not even for all the gold existing in the world. However, in English love is added to the equation, and they simply say it not for love not for money. 

Well, as you can see Spanish and English are two very different languages. If you are able to use some of these idioms accordingly in real communication, that'll mean you 're getting close to being a native speaker! If you're fond of idioms and would like to learn some more, click on idioms with number 2colour idioms I; colour idioms IIidioms related to joyanimal idioms Ianimal idioms IIidioms of parts of the body I ; body idioms IIidioms related to violenceidioms related to foodidioms related to revengeidioms related to moneyidioms English vs. Spanish I; idioms English vs. Spanish II.

See you next week. Until them you can share in comments some other idioms that are striking for you. 

Friday, January 12, 2018

Blue Monday

Hello folks,
Has your return to work after the Christmas holidays been smooth for all of you? I hope so, because now there's a dark day ahead of us, no other than Blue Monday
Why the name and what does it mean? Well, as you know form my two entries on colour idioms I, and II, blue is a colour link to sadness and depression. In fact, one of the definitions of blue in the dictionary (other than the obvious definition of colour), is "sad or depressed in spirits". It's very common to hear the sentence "I feel blue today." This connotation has even appeared in songs :





Blue colour is also associated to a certain sense of surprise, hence expressions such as 'once in a blue moon' (very rarely) or 'out of the blue' (all of a sudden).

Now that the meaning of blue is clear, let's analyze its homonym well-known day. Tomorrow is Blue Monday. According to some Dr. Arnall, Blue Monday, which usually takes place on the third Monday of January, is, officially, the most miserable day of the year.  He developed a formula to calculate the bluest day of the year (why on earth would a person do that?) and he included some variables such as weather, the end of the Christmas season, motivational levels and, of course, debt and money, among others. Even New Year's resolutions are considered in his  formula. Here you have his piece of research :
Image result for blue monday formula
So, what about you? Do you agree with his formula? Do you feel miserable this January? Although it makes much sense to place the bluest day of the year in January, after the indulgences and expenses of the Christmas season and the advent of winter and its dull frosty weather, there are always reasons why one must be happy and  optimistic and January is also time to embark on brand-new projects.

To conclude this post, I'm going to share with you the song "Blue Monday" by New Order. I think is catchy and its rhythm invariably reminds me of this depressing day. Don't be too miserable tomorrow! I'm sure January will soon go by!

Friday, January 5, 2018

Are you tired of Santa Claus? Get to know other gift-bringers from all over the world

Well, tonight is the night. Tonight, you'll get to receive your Christmas presents! January, 5th is an important night for Spanish children (and adults), the night preceding the Epiphany, the night where the Three Wise Men will come to bring presents to everybody. You all know that in the UK or the US, the Three Wise Men won't bring any presents, but they do have an expression to refer to our beloved tradition : The Twelfth Night (that is, the Twelfth Night after Christmas). In this entry, I will analyze who the gift-bringers are across the world. Let's begin:

Image result for spain


In Spain, on the night of January, 5th, the Three Wise Men will bring the Christmas presents. In Spanish we just call them "the three magical kings". They are Melchior, Gaspar and Balthazar, the Three Wise Men from Orient, who brought baby Jesus gold, incense and myrrh. In the Bible, they are also known as the Magi. Well, the idea is this: they travel from Orient on their camels bringing all the presents and they are accompanied by their royal pages. Before their arrival, important preparations need to be made : you have to leave a shoe of yours under the Christmas tree (or some other place of your choosing) and, if possible, leave them something to eat. We normally leave them milk and cookies, "turrón" (nougat) or other Christmas sweets, and also a glass of brandy. In addition, some people leave something for the camels as well, namely a bucket of water or some carrots for them to nibble on. They must be starving after such a tiring journey, don't you think ? If you've been good and kind, you'll get tons of presents. However, if you've been a naughty boy, beware because you may find a lump of coal. Prior to this gift-giving ritual, on the fifth of January, there are parades all over Spain, where the Three Wise Men and their pages will throw sweets and toys for children. These parades include fun, music, and lights and usually finish in the Main Square of the town, where they salute all the children and promise to bring them presents on the condition that they have behaved well. They usually give a final speech. Then, the mayor of the town will give them the town keys, a treasured object that will give them access to all the houses in town! There is one problem of our tradition. children don't have much free time to fully enjoy their presents, since they normally go back to school after this festivity. The Three Wise Men are not exclusive from Spain, of course. They visit countless countries including Argentina, Venezuela, Philippines, Panama, Nicaragua, Mexico, Honduras and Andorra, among others. 
The Three Wise Men is not the only tradition we have. Importing festive traditions is Spain's national sport he he, and that is why on Christmas Eve, most houses in Spain (if not all of them) receive presents from Santa Claus as well !

Image result for los reyes magos, pajes y camellos viniendo de orienteImage result for cabalgata de reyes


Image result for bandera país vasco

However, there is a special tradition in a Spanish region. In Basque Country, presents will be given out by the Olentzero, an overweight old man who brings presents on Christmas Eve (much like Santa Claus or Father Christmas). His origins are not very clear and there are countless versions on how the Olentzero came to be Basque Country's gift-bringer. Some people think he is a giant; some legends state that when leaving presents, he would cut the throat of widely-awake children. However, the etymology of his name is quite clear : "time of the good ones." The version that has best caught on is the one where the Olentzero is an abandoned child, who becomes a charcoal burner and uses his hands to carve presents for children. He died when he was saving some children and a fairy bestowed him the power of eternal life, which he used to bring children presents every year. In any case, the Olentzero is adored by the citizens of Basque Country. There are famous songs and chants invoking this lovely character and in some parts of the country, there are parades in his honour.


Image result for olenzero











Image result for bandera de cataluña
















In Catalonia, there's a weird tradition. There's an object, called Tió de Nadal (Christmas Log). Apparently, you must cut down a log, cover it with a blanket, and feed it. On Christmas Day, children will have to hit it with a cane and sing so that the log "defecates" presents. 
Image result for tio de nadal

Image result for bandera de italia

In Italy, as in many other countries, Babbo Natale leaves presents. Who is this Babbo Natale? No other than Santa Claus. However, in Italy, there's yet another gift-bringer who is female and scary... Yap, that's right. She is called Befana and she is the witch in charge of leaving presents on the Twelfth Night, that is, on the night of January, 5th. Apparently, the Three Wise Men themselves bumped into Befana on their way to Bethlehem. Befana hosted them and cared for them, asking them what they were up to. The Three Wise Men answered that they were going to bring presents to a newly born child and they asked Befana if she wanted to join them. She declined because she was busy sweeping the floor and cleaning. When she realized the newly born child was the Messiah, she tried to go to Bethlehem herself but was unable to do so on her own. From that day she flies around Italy on her broomstick, leaving good children some presents. Naughty children will receive a lump of coal. You can leave her some bread soaked in milk or wine. 

Image result for befana
Image result for russian flag

In Russia, there is another version of Santa Claus, no other than Ded Moroz. This present-bringer delivers gifts on New Year's Eve accompanied by his granddaughter, Snegurochka. He is also known as Father Frost. 

Image result for ded moroz i snegurochka images


Image result for german flag

In Germany, Santa Claus can pay a visit to you, but there is another cute personage that can leave your presents on Christmas Eve: the Christkind. The Christkind (Christmas child) is very popular in Germany and other countries, such as Austria and Switzerland. This angel will deposit the presents only if not spotted by children. If children spot them, it'll disappear. A bell will ring to show children that their presents have been successfully delivered. It is believed that the Christkind is Baby Jesus himself delivering the Christmas gifts.

Image result for Christkind delivering presents

Image result for sweden

In Sweden, an elf-like figure, called Tomte, delivers the Christmas gifts. It is much like a gnome, wearing a cone-like hat and it is less than one metre tall. His job is to protect farmers and help them. On Christmas Eve he will hand presents door-to-door aided by the Yule Goat.
Image result for tomte and yule goat

Image result for iceland flag

In Iceland, the task of delivering presents is divided into thirteen goblin-like figures, the Yule lads. One of this lads will visit children on the thirteen nights prior to Christmas and each night, a different lad will deliver a present next to a shoe placed near the window. Naughty children will receive rotten potatoes. 

Image result for yule lads


Image result for us flag Image result for uk flag

As you know, Santa (Claus) is the plump old man who brings presents in the US, whereas Father Christmas does so in the UK. 

Image result for father christmas
Other versions of Santa Claus :
- Father Christmas (the UK)
- Saint Nicholas (the Netherlands)
- Père Nöel (France)

- Babbo Natale (Italy)
- Aggios Vasilis (Greece)
- Viejito Pascuero (Chile)
- Julemanden (Denmark)
- Sinterklass (Indonesia)
- Baba Noel (Iraq)
- Siôn Corn (Wales)

Well, I hope you have learnt a lot about Christmasy figures and characters. Should you like to learn more about Christmas, do not hesitate to visit my previous entries : New Year resolutionsChristmas-touching videosBoxing Day; Christmas vocabulary; Christmas videos; Practise your listening at Christmas; Christmas carols; Christmas in Spain, the UK and the USChristmas short storiesChristmas origins; Christmas gift-bringers all across the world.

Christmas season is about to finish, so remember to be good and I hope you receive tons of presents.