It's Halloween! Let's learn some expressions and vocabulary related to death (I)

The night of the dead is approaching... As you know, next Wednesday, 31st October is Halloween! Are you ready to go trick-or-treating and eat candy until you pass out? Are you eager to dress up and see cute children dressed up roaming the streets for candy? Halloween is one of the best moments for children, especially in the US!! Over the last years, I have written some entries on Halloween traditions and Halloween symbols. This year, however, I intend to write a more special entry. Given that  Halloween takes place the night before All Saints' Day, where the dead are said to come back to life, this entry will explore the different word to refer to death:

1. The dead

From: http://www.impawards.com/2008/day_of_the_dead.html

The people that died are the dead and are said to come back to life on the night of the 31st October. 

2. The death

From Wikipedia

The death is the figure wearing a hood and carrying a scythe whose sole job is to take the soul of the people that are going to die and make sure they die. No one, not even the rich, can escape it!

3. Casualties

From: https://ubisafe.org/explore/casualties-clipart-hospital-stretcher/

Casualties are the people killed in war or accidents. 

4. Pass away

From: https://mbtskoudsalg.com/explore/death-clipart-pass-away/

A euphemistic way to refer to the action of dying. As you can see in the image, you pass away when you go from the side of the living to the other side (the side of the dead).

5. To be killed

From: https://imagecomics.com/content/view/rapid-fire-printings-for-kill-or-be-killed

This expression has two similar but closely related meaning. A person is killed when they are assassinated or murdered by others. However, people are also killed when they die in an accident or other circumstances, for example, last year thousands of people were killed in car accidents. 

6. Perish
This verb used in literature and in formal registers indicate the action of dying as a result of a long process. After enduring the illness for three years, he finally perished. 

7. Decease
In the jargon of law, a decease is a synonym for death and the deceased are the dead. 

8. Demise
A synonym for death in formal English.

9. The departed 
The departed are the dead, the people that we have lost and are no longer with us. 

10. Drop dead
When someone dies unexpectedly

11. Bereavement / grief
Intense sorrow as a result of losing a dear one. 

From: https://www.dementiauk.org/grief-bereavement-and-loss-in-dementia/

12. I'm sorry for your loss
These are the words one utter to comfort a person that has lost someone dear. In this case, the loss is a euphemism for death. 

13. RIP (Rest In Peace)
These are the initials that appear in the dead's tombstone. From Latin requiescat in pace, it means that the departed is now at rest. 

From: http://r2d.wikia.com/wiki/File:Rip-clipart-rip-gravestone-md.png

Well, I hope you now have enlarged your lexis concerning death and are now ready to begin the Halloween season. Next week I'll be writing another entry on idioms and expressions related to dying. Have a nice spooky and terrible night of the dead!

Homonyms: plurals and third persons singular in present simple can coincide in English

Hiya!

English can be so amazing sometimes. Every day I discover new things about this fascinating language. This week I'm bringing you yet another interesting English quirk: homonyms. Homonyms are words which have the same written form, but they have different meanings and different origins. Think of the word 'watch', for instance, has two meanings:

By coincidence, the same word has two completely different meanings: a device to know the time and a verb that indicates pay attention by looking at something or someone. 

Today, I won't focus on all the homonyms but rather on some especial ones. When I plurals, I always tell my students that the rules to form regular plurals are practically the same that the rules to fomr the third person singular in the present simple, as you can see in my post on plurals. For example, the word 'cooks' in English can, at the same time, be the plural of cook (that is, chefs) or the third person singular of the verb 'cook' as in 'he always cooks paella on Sundays.' Today I will focus on homonyms whose plural and third person singular are identical, but who have different origins and are different words. Let's begin:

1. Leaves

 

'Leaves' can be the plural form of 'leaf' as in the leaves of some trees will fall in autumn. However, 'leaves' can be the third person singular of the word 'leave' as in 'he leaves work every day at 16.00.'

2. Lives

'Lives' can be the plural form of 'life', for instance, 'cats have got nine lives'. In this case the pronunciation is [laɪvz]. However, 'lives' can be the third person singular of the verb 'live', as in 'he lives in Scotland'. In this case, the pronunciation is [lɪvz]. Amazing! 'Lives' is at the same time a homonym and a homograph (two exact words in spelling that are pronounced differently). 

3. Watches

As I mentioned before, 'watches' can be objects that you put on your wrist to know the time, or simply the third person singular of the word 'watch' as in 'he watches TV every day.'

4. Flies

'Flies' can be some annoying animals that bother us during the summer, or it can be the third person singular of the verb 'fly', as in the well-known idiom: "time flies."

5. Makes

As a plural noun, 'makes' refer to the brands of cars, for instance, 'Toyota is one of my favourite makes.' However, 'makes' can also be the third person singular of the verb 'make' as can be seen in the sentence: 'he makes his bed every day.'

6. Trips

 

I love travelling and I love trips and as you can see, as a noun, 'trips' is similar to 'travels'. However, 'trip' can also be a verb and if someone trips, it means that person stumbles and probably falls.

7.Falls
  

Most of you will now fall as the third person singular of the verb 'fall', that is, what happens after you walk on the street and you accidentally trip. However, 'fall' as a noun is the American-English word for autumn. 

8. Parks
 

Children love parks!! As you can see, parks (as a noun) are recreational places for children. However, 'park' can also be a verb related to cars. As you know, in Madrid is sometimes very difficult to park your car (to leave a vehicle in a designated area).

9. Spots



As a plural noun, 'spots' has endless meanings: spots can be similar to circles (see photo), what teenagers have in puberty (acne) or a synonym for 'advertisements'. As a verb in third person singular, it means 'to locate something by seeing', that is 'to examine something with your eyes'. 

10. Arms



When used as a noun, arms are limbs of your body attached to your hands. However, when used a verb, it means to give someone weapons so that they can defend themselves. 

11. Lifts
 

As a noun, lifts are machines that take you from a floor to another (elevators in American English). However, you can also use 'lift' as a verb in the sense of moving something from a lower to a higher position (he lifts the child). 

12. Treats

 

Treats (as nouns) refer to food given by someone as an act of courtesy, for example, Halloween treats are very popular. 'Treat' as a verb is to behave toward someone in a way, for example, the man in the photo treats the old lady very well.

Well, as you can see English never ceases to surprise us. Plurals and third persons singular coincide in many cases! If you're interested in the topic, don't worry. I'll soon be writing another entry on homonyms.